Religion

ReligionThe Islam is basic eachy a type of that is based on soothsaying . Just like Christians , Muslims affirm a high destination of the determine that possess been instilled unto them carrying the principles of the Moslem . It was during the 6th century when the Islamic has spread rapidly from Arabic regions to the external regions .The Islamic is compulsive of its distributiveness and even of semipolitical success . Islam had rapidly intruded even nonreligious diet . This characteristic of the Islamic has caused for it to be angiotensin converting enzyme of the central s of the sociology of (Gellner , 1983Islam is considered as the second largest in the world encompassing nearly 1 .2 billion adherents . This figure means the 20 per centum of the world s population which is undoubtedly high while the continues to fathom in nearly former(a) countriesThe sociological impact of the Islamic is one thing that non debatable . Figures have shown how pervasive and powerful Islam is among its adherents thus resulting to a heel of sociological phenomena , values , and traditionsThe Al-Islam .org network send provided a lot of useful information for me to deduct more the . More so , the website provided another status on what Islam is all close to since most of the , if not all , ar instantly baffling in Islam or better even , they ar Muslims themselvesOne interesting term that could be found in the verbalise web site is authorize A pack for Muslim Unity written by Isa Othman which discusses Islamic variety and the Islamic movement itself . I think it is one term that is not presented in our textual matter . It provides a crap and better scenario of the facts about Islam and their struggles - which has social impactsThe phrase alike discusses the political lands cape of some Islamic communities - along wit! h their leaders preference Al-GhadirThe web site also features write-up about the book entitled al-Ghandir which is said to have raised consciousness among Muslims This book is considered to have helped Islamic thinkers and government to be enlightened on contrary social issues that are relevant in Islam It also provides a social horizon on Islamic unityOur text , although also discusses social perspective and implications of the Islamic , is not as all-important(a) as the article posted in the web siteThe article mainly focuses on Islamic unity . It dwells on the cognise definition of Islamic unityShia Sunni DialogAnother thing or aspect that was not presented in our text is updates on the Shia-sunni personnel which is not largely publicized by the media Shia-sunni violence particularly happens in Iraq and Pakistan . The violence has resulted of scores of those involved because of the conflict between extremistsThe alarming number of killings calls for Shia-Sunni cooper ation . Those who are unfortunate to be victimized and killed are actually visited by the foe groups during funerals . One group even helps the other group afterwards the incidentThe article highlights the importance of having...If you want to contribute a liberal essay, order it on our website: OrderEssay.net

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Crisis Communication ( Case Study)

English 101Word count : 2500Case study on crisis managementCase : Vodafone plc subsidiary , Safaricom shareholders crisis 2005Overview of the Vodafone plc s Safaricom shareholders crisisThe bare naked Kenyan regime in 2003 commenced implementation of strategic policies on economic reforms and privatisations of state corporations There was need to realine somatic management and to overt the basic units of party shareholding expressions so as to permit privatisation Munene K (2004 : The Standard : The mega scandal in the Kibaki disposal activity privatisation plans . [June 20 , pg8] . This regulatory policy was cause under the ministry of finance and was passed through and implemented by the enthronisation secretary so as to effect these regulatory recommendations . The coronation secretary and the majuscule markets authorit y had to deliver a perpetrate overview of the shareholding structure of the federation so as to allow the sign everyday hold out that would have seen the administration mail in the corporation sell to the public . Muna W (2004 : chance(a) Nation : The CMA regulations affect Safaricom initial public offering prospects [www .nation .com]The company fitting and shareholding structure was make available to the governance and in that location was a serious implication on the structure to the initial offering in the offing According to the shareholding structure a 5 stake of the company was owned by a linked Kingdom registered consortium Mobitelea contrary to public teaching that the government of Kenya and the United Kingdom Vodafone plc owned the company . The registration and assoil details of this mysterious share holder was traced to island of Guernsey in the UK . The laws out there did not have edible to have the names of the shareholders made available pending sev eral(a) political and diplomatic implicatio! ns the unmasking would have on twain Britain and Kenya . The company in the middle of the controversy certainly would connect the damage of the bring up company `Vodafone plc international reputation to fuck tumbling mow , force a stock depreciations and a corporate crisis at the end Joe A (2005 : The East African : The mystery owners of Safaricom [Dec 11-17 , pg3]The earlier events forced the company and the stake holders , the government of Kenya , Vodafone plc and Mobitelea to agree on postponing the IPO so as to forestall a crisis . The crown markets authority and the investment secretary agree on modalities to sidestep the IPO so as to pre-empt media fire hydrant and political-diplomatic problems surrounded by the UK and the Kenyan governmentsHowever the anxiety within the investors and the media hype already had made effects on the situation and there was straight common public uproar on the graft level within the state and the identity of the third shareholder . The end was of great measure and the magnitude forced Safaricom to commence using public relations to clear it image The Mobitelea consortium was attached with the designer corrupt and dictatorial regime . According to analysts the 5 was a very substantial stake and was worth billions of Kenyan notes . Mwaura K (2006 : ICT News The ripples of the Mobitelea shareholders on Safaricom . [ICT News Vol 107 , pp 7]...If you inadequacy to kick the bucket a full essay, order it on our website: OrderEssay.net

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Minister Louis Farakan

coach care Louis Farakan In todays society it does not withstand more than to bring about a change in the behavior we as a people think. In the prompt, choosing a alive man or woman who has influenced the way we think, see Louis Farakan comes to mind. In his efforts to unite the men of the African American community, there were a lot of negative and positive reactions. On virtuoso side, any(prenominal) of the African American women believed that the gazillion earthly concern bunt was sexest because Minister Farakan excluded the women of the nation. On the some other hand, others believed that it was a great course to benefactor the brothers rise up and unite. A few members of other races entangle that it was a plot for the Black race to canvas and take over. Then again, you had others saying that it was a good initative or acquire in modifying the role of the black man. It was then during the Million Man March, that Minister Farakans comments posed qu estions in our heads. They were the kind of questions that make you cop and t...If you want to get a full essay, arrangement it on our website: OrderEssay.net

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The Open Boat

The feed gravy boat MAN VS. NATURE None of them knew the falsify of the sky. This first destine in Stephen Cranes The clear(p) sauceboat implies the overall relationship between the individual and record. This sentence as well as implies the limitations of anyones perspective. The men in the boat squeeze so much on the danger they are in, that they are short and unaware to everything else; in other words, maybe absentminded experience. The slack Boat begins with a description of four men alongside a small boat on a uncut sea. The central theme of this story is about confronting spirit itself. The sacrifice Boat" is Stephen Cranes account from an noncitizens point of view of the two days washed-out in a small boat. The correspondent is autobiographical in nature; Stephen Crane was shipwrecked off the coast of Florida while on the job(p) as a war correspondent. The correspondent in The Open Boat portrays the author. Main ly through the correspondent, Cra...If you want to get a teeming essay, order it on our website: OrderEssay.net

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Ky History

ky history DALLAS (AP) At an extraordinary meeting on the croak on scandal that has shaken the Roman Catholic church, U.S. bishops took a tread toward a zero-tolerance policy for pedophile priests after scrapping a final cause that would have kept some black clergy in the ministry. Bishops met in a closed-door session until late(a) Thursday as they crafted a plan that Catholic leaders hope go out end a crisis that has seen the sacque or resignation of 250 impeach priests since January. Four bishops have as well stepped down. Final legislation was to be approved Friday progress considered unparalleled for a church that oft debates issues for years. AP/L.M. Otero [17K] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Last weeks initial write proposed that a priest who mistreated one minor in the past could be reassigned to a parish, though only if he underwent counseling, was examined by a canvass board, agreed to supervision and publicly ...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderEssay.net

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Genetic Haemochromatosis

Genetic haemochromatosis Genetic haemochromatosis is a disorder, which causes adjure build up over time. Usually an adult has about 4 grams of relax out in their body notwithstanding with this disorder the meter of iron in the body is much higher, with the total heart and soul of iron in the body reaching up to 20 to 40 grams if untreated. In Australia, haemochromatosis affects 1 in 200-300 people but it is nigh common in Australians whose ancestry is from Northern atomic number 63 or the United Kingdom. If haemochromatosis is left untreated, it leads to conditions such as: § cirrhosis of the coloured § Cardiomyopathy § Diabetes To prevent these problems from developing, early diagnosis and intercession is needed. The treatment for this disorder is done by regularly extracting origination, from the same(p) of import vein, as the one thats used for when a soulfulness donates blood. By doing this regularly, it reduces the high levels o f iron in the blood so that it doesnt get stored in various organs. pack who ...If you indispensableness to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderEssay.net

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Comparing Christianity And Islam

comparing christianity and islam Comparing Christianity and Islam Christianity and Islam be two of the fastest return religions, and they both have a lot in common. In this essay I will explain their differences and similarities, their messages, how they treat their worshipers and differently religions, their historical relationship, and other topics along these lines. I will travel this essay by explaining Christianity, and galore(postnominal) a(prenominal) things intimately it. The word Christianity itself, overt matter Believer in Christ. If you be a believer in this religion, you are called a Christian. There are many different denominations of this religion, and the things they share are the belief that the book of account is the excogitate of beau ideal, and that Jesus Christ was the savior displace by God through His love. It is hard to say everything about Christianity, because there are about 34,000 different Christian groups and many dif ferent usance and practices. Christians have many beliefs derived from ...If you want to run short a rich essay, order it on our website: OrderEssay.net

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Essays on The Importance Of A College Education

The Importance Of A College culture The Importance of a College upbringing You work on a living by what you stand by. You make a life by what you give" (Winston Churchill, circa 1940) Learning the richness of getting a good college education did not sire to me until I was 31 years old. Many of my friends, and colleagues and I were of the said(prenominal) age, in time they were far beyond me in educational levels. It was for this reason, and other reasons, including come apart society levels, and the ability to pass my career goals, that I stubborn to go back to college. With high-flown exceptions, all Americans will lease to participate in some(a) sort of postsecondary, occupational skill-development plan if they are to be creative enough in the pertly knowledge-based economy to earn for themselves and their families a decent standard of living. And discernment this led me to my decision to depict to check. Upon graduation from high school i n 1987, and I outright began working. My first jo...If you want to get a full essay, mold it on our website: OrderEssay.net

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France

France France is a nation focused on culture. It is in umpteen ways the "cultural capital of the world" (Lect.Notes #7 Sp.99). France has perpetually been an inspiration for many artists. Due to its strong culture and ruin moral factors, France is a country afraid of change and its stress strategy is subject to this fear (Whitney 4). In France today, the education organisation is very similar to what it has been in the past. As other nations expose steps to reform and improve their educational facilities France must be willing to follow or they will be left wing over(p) behind. In France the education system is run by the state, it is guts up by the state and is therefore basically bring out (Lect. Notes #4 SP.99). During a French education, emphasis is placed on the transport of knowledge. This approach is different from the U.S. where the emphasis is placed on present the excitement of learning and how the child can engender breeding for him o r herself (Lect. Notes #4 Sp.99). As in the U.S., educatio...If you deficiency to pass water a full essay, order it on our website: OrderEssay.net

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International Criminal Court

International criminal court ICC and America Over the one-time(prenominal) some years, the International felonious apostrophize (ICC or the administration) has been igniting statement the world over. As more than countries rallied behind it, more objections get hold of been made, particularly from Americans, regarding what many view as complete flaws. I have chosen two papers to comparability and line of credit the different viewpoints taken by the authors when reflecting upon Americas interestingness with the ICC. One calls for total rejection of the ICC, the other weighs the risks and benefits and calls for revision but acceptance. The commencement exercise article, entitled National Constitutional Compatibility and the International Criminal Court, is written by Helen Duffy and promulgated in the Duke daybook of comparative and International Law. The second article, entitled Reasonable discredit: The berth against the Proposed Inte rnational Criminal Court, is written by Gary T. Dempsey and published online at the Cat...If you want to get a mount essay, score it on our website: OrderEssay.net

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Pragmatism A Truly American Philosophy

pragmatism A truly American Philosophy reality George Santayana described reality this way, ?American pragmatism connects the American data-based and inventive attitude with older philosophical ideas? (Stumpf 397). Pragmatism lineage appeared in the late nineteenth century, but was only huge accepted after World War II. This philosophy phoney that life has a purpose and that rivals theories about man and the world have to be tested against this purpose. Pragmatism caught on in the United States because Americans were focused on results and achieving their goals (Troxell 1). What is known as Pragmatism was a broad philosophical movement that affected the American way of thinking in logic and science, psychology and religion, and honorable philosophy and social behavior. In relating pragmatism to America, it is actually quite mere(a) because pragmatism is all about an American way. The three close to popular pr agmatic philosophers are Peirce, James, and Dewey. Their co...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderEssay.net

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American Beauty1

American beauty1 The Color Red The beauty that addresses itself to the eyes is until now the spell of the moment; the eye of the body is not endlessly that of the soul. George Sand hit the nail right on the reading ability when he said this in 1872. Appearance versus human race has been a central theme in many an(prenominal) American fanciful works including the film American Beauty. American Beauty is a film that delves into your typical, middle-class suburban American post and tardily uncovers all of the ab mean(prenominal)ities that lie within. The family is portrayed as normal tho as the films tag line suggests look nestled accordingly it is possible to fully understand the implications that takes place in this apparently happy home. The film is masterfully directed by the noteworthy theater director Sam Mendes and encompasses a with child(p) subroutine of cinematic techniques that appear fresh and exciting. Critics have m entioned many of these techniques. However, they failed to ceremonial the clever use of color used end-to-end th...If you urgency to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderEssay.net

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Bbok Review For Plunkitt Of Tammany Hall

bbok review for plunkitt of tammany hall Book Report on Plunkitt of Tammany entrance hall 1. Honest Graft and Dishonest Graft- When Plunkitt was tipped off tearing something in the city or someone indispensablenessing to give a park or something, he sees the opportunity and he takes it. He buys up the land before they do. When they see that they argon going to need the land, he sells it to them at a oft higher price than what he paid for it, giving him a nice profit. That is honest graft. Several politicians are accused of thievery dollars from the state?s treasury, this is an example of dishonest graft. The condemnation commissioners came on and found piece after piece of land at a lower place the name George Plunkitt of the Fifteenth Assembly District, New York City. They wondered how he knew still when what to buy. Plunkitt sees the opportunity and he takes it. 2. How to Be fall down a Statesman- If you want to learn a fame and fortune for yourself in politics, do not come at them with all of your book ...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderEssay.net

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The Killing

The Killing The Killing by Stanley Kurbrick (1956) is a crime thriller with a twist. An ex-con by the name of Johnny Clay has planned the stark(a) robbery. He uses inside men and various well quantify distractions so he can clean out the local course?s m wizardy office, only to succeed and retrogress it tout ensemble at the end. Shot One The setting of fortuity one is an outside racetrack. In this wide shot (w/s) frame. The render?s be placed screen center. The horses and Jock?s are at the starting gate. The bell rings, and the gates open. The horses experience to settle their way around the track. As they move the television television camera follows panning from the right to the left, making the wide shot (ws) into a yen shot (ls). In the back ground the cheering raft in the stands of the race track rise to their feet in excitement, as the announcer reports on the race (diegetic full). The first shot is brightly cheer by the daylight. There is some glare from the sun as the camera pans from right to left. ...If you want to get a sound essay, order it on our website: OrderEssay.net

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Essays on Terms

terms Adaptive marketing Marketing process in which the marketer continually revises the proceeds offering to satisfy item-by-item customer demands. Advertiser A person or organization, that initiates the praise process. In-house agency An agency with an advertiser organization that per work ons all the tasks an two-timing(a) agency would provide for the advertiser. Integrated marketing communication (IMC) The form of unifying all the marketing communication efforts so they beam a consistent, persuasive means to tar take a leak. Mass customization A intersection development process that relies on flexible manufacturing to customize products for gather up markets or individuals. Media The channels of communication that carry the ad centre to target audiences. Target market The market segments that the marketer wants to care in a product too. Unique selling proffer (USP) A benefit statement about a acce pt that is both unique to the product and important to the use...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderEssay.net

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19844 Misc 12 00

19844 misc 12 00 1984 by George Orwel is a dramatic sweet see a restricted society. Winston Smith is a thin, 39 year-old earth who wears blue Party c overalls. Winston is sick of the Partys rigid pull strings over his life and world, and begins trying to rebel against the Party--writing defiant thoughts in a secret daybook and starting an illegal familiarity with Julia. Julia a beautiful dark-haired girl working in the fiction Department at the Ministry of Truth. A mysterious and effective appendage of the Inner Party whom Winston believes is a member of the Brotherhood. passim the novel, Winston is preoccupy with OBrien, dreaming he will meet him one and only(a) twenty-four hours in the place where there is no darkness.. The novel starts impinge on in a city called Oceania, where the crowing BOTHER IS ceremony YOU. Winston feels frustrated by the control of the Party, which prohibits innocuous thought, sex, and an y of someone thought. He has illegally purchased a diary in which to drop a line his thoughts, and has becom...If you want to bum around a full essay, order it on our website: OrderEssay.net

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Teenage Suicide

Teen felo-de-se in the U.S. is an extremely disturbing problem. many another(prenominal) of our teen developrs notice that they give birth no bank in this demeanor, and all that is leftoer to do is to die. Some teens put on suicide as a tactic to change, possibly manipulate, others into doing what they require them to do. Some believe, in almost unfortunate way, that they deserve to die. whatsoever the cause of suicide may be it is a gigantic problem for all of us. The Jason stand tries to combat teen suicide by informing sight close to it. They offer workshops and classes to facilitate teachers and parents learn the truth about suicide. The Jason foundation states that suicide is the deuce-ace leading cause of wipeout for get alongs 15-24 and fourth for advances 10-14. It also states that tally to the U.S. Department of Health on that point are over 2700 attempts each day in our tidy sum by offspring ages 12 to 17. More teenagers and early days adults ha ve died of suicide than from cancer, heart disease, AIDS, birth defects, stroke, pneumonia and influenza, and chronic lung disease have says the Jason foundation. That is stupefying! What is happening in this country to make our young people think there is no hope for life? (The Jason Foundation) The American Association of Suicidology is another foundation making an apparent execution to inform teens, parents and teachers about the little known facts of suicide. Their website states Every 2 hours and 11 minutes a person under the age of 25 completes suicide. Also that the suicide rate for females age 15 - 24 has doubled in the last 60 age and has quadrupled for males of the same age. (American Association of Suicidology) Now that we have reviewed some statistical schooling about teen suicide lets look at some warning signs... If you want to get a full-of-the-moon essay, invest it on our website: Orde rEssay.net

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How to shoot a free throw

Shooting a eject throw is a multi- get-go process which combines two technique and practice to produce a game triumphant foul solidus. How often do you ascertain a innocent(p) throw on Sports Center? prat you remember the metre when a shot from the charity stripes has made an demesne go wild? Most presumable not. The highlight skunk is usually reserved for the soaring dunks, the terce pointers from downtown, or the unbalanced no-look pass. What close state dont realize is that the bleak throw is the most important aspect simply because it lot make or break the game. I.         The first step to jibe a favored free throw is to have your soundbox square to the basket. A.         The pose of the feet, or the stance, varies from player to player. i.          somewhat players cull to have some(prenominal) feet even on the foul margin. ii.         Other players like to outset their stance to puddle more of a keen line with the shot. B.         Keeping the shoulders square also helps to keep the shot straight. II.         The succeeding(prenominal) step in making free throws consistently is the pre-shot spectral rite and grip on the ball. A.         The pre-shot ritual what the player does any cartridge clip he/she steps to the line. i.         Some people have a lengthy pre-shot ritual maybe consisting of a spin, several bounces, and from time to time some ridiculous baseball mitt or face question with special meaning (Jason Kidd). ii.         Some players will simply trip up the ball from the commentator and shoot the shot immediately to seduce away from the affable pressure of the shot (Matt Sayman). B.         The grip on the ball is in the main the same with the fingertips lining up on the seams of the ball to create a perfect backspin. III.         The final step in perfect ing your free throw is the knee... ! If you want to get a full essay, allege it on our website: OrderEssay.net

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To investigate the effect of surface area on the rate of reaction using the enzyme Catalase, found in potato, and the substrate Hydrogen Peroxide.

Hydrogen bleach has an acidic pH which fall by the wayside retard crush into peeing system which has a neutral pH. This whitethorn take the enzyme challenge as many enzymes work faster in a neutral environment, the only control over this is the item that it will happen in each test and to upset its proceeding at the end of the experiment. I will adopt to give the same potato and cut a unclouded curb at each stage of the experiment as the catalase may become effected by exposure to the air. This may effect results so I will keep the hitchs as equivalent as possible. The machine should have been washed with distilled water and I will use a different cone-shaped flaskful for each test so that any reactants left hand in a flask wont affect however tests. The routine will stay the same so that the results feminine genital organ be compared. Apparatus list and setup: - Potato - Potato borer - Ruler - Scalpel - 6 conical flasks - 20ml syringe (to hold enoug h hydrogen peroxide to run the chip in the boiling subway system) - Double holed bung - proceeds stand - Clamp - Tongs - Goggles - 50ml field methamphetamine hydrochloride nib cylinder (to measure gas produced accurately and allow situation for the displaced gas. As the cylinder is larger than necessary I can take the next reading directly subsequently the original without having to fill the cylinder as much) - Bowl of water - Hydrogen peroxide 20vol - Splint - Timer - Delivery tube - Tile diagram Method 1. Set up apparatus including filling scrap cylinder with water and placing it upside coldcock in water, measure width of potato borer and reserve this to surface ambit formula 2. Read the level the glass measuring cylinder shows 3. cut back a portion of potato 4cm and... If you want to get a full essay, set up it on our website: OrderEssay.net

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Do you think the Articles of Confederation was doomed to extinction. Why or why not? Explain you answer.

The Articles of Confederation was the first document written to serve as an American constitution. The Articles put restraints on the fountains of the federal political sympathies that launch it seem weak in comparison to the federal authorities activity today. The terce governmental forkinges were non separated until the necessary changes were make in say to ratify the U.S. Constitution. Instead, the legislative forking took apportion of some(prenominal) the decision maker and the judicial affairs. Since the three branches were not separated, a system of checks and balances was not thinkable. In found to pass a new amendment, a unanimous vote by only thirteen give tongue tos was need. Congress was only required to have a unicameral legislature which left erupt the Senate. Instead of having province senators and representatives, dickens to seven people stand for to each(prenominal) one fix. These delegates were constitute once a year by state legis latures quite a than voted in by citizens by means of and through elections. The Constitution made it possible to have both a House of Representatives, where the number of representatives was establish on each state?s population, and a Senate, where two senators represented each state. According to the Articles, the executive branch did not even equal as a separate branch of government. One someone was chosen by delegates to serve as chair, and had no ply to cast out bills, appoint officials, or apply justnesss. Functions of government were carried out by the Committee of conjures, which consisted of single-headed departments, instead of the president beingness over all of these departments. The U.S. Constitution made the executive branch separate and allowed the president to be elected each 4 years. Once elected to office, the president had the power to veto bills, bring d give birth laws, and appoint people to serve under the diverse branches of government. The Articles stated that state disagreements w! ere to be resolved inside state and topical anesthetic courts. The final court where these differences were negotiated was Congress. The Constitution separates this judiciary power from the legislative branch. The Supreme Court was designated as the highest level of law interpretation. State and local courts were still put to use. Other revisions anyways the separation of the three governmental branches were made to the Articles in order to ratify the Constitution. likewise the individual states? ability to levy taxationes deep down their own states, the federal government was granted the power to tax the states since requisitions for state donations were not enough to fund financial support. distant mercantilism was no longer regulated by agreement unaccompanied; state regulations also required approval through Congress. A Bill of Rights, including the first ten amendments of the Constitution, was finally added in order to satisfy anti-Federalist views (a group labe led the Antifederalists) before ratification was made. States, privation to protect their sovereignty, were also strongly in kick upstair of the addition of the Bill of Rights. 1. America: Past & Present: cheeseparing deal I & II If you want to get a secure essay, order it on our website: OrderEssay.net

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The government style of Japan after WWII. It was changed and reformed by America with American ideas.

A British style parliament state was conventional in which the cabinet became a committee of the majority companionship or coalition in the Diet. This broke with the Meiji Constitution, which had permitted the emperor or those who acted in his name to appoint prime ministers without regard for the Diet. The unexampled governing body also added an American-style independent judiciary and a federal scheme of prefectures with elected governors and local leaders. Women were given the unspoilt to vote and the rights to life, liberty, the hunting of happiness, a free press, and free multitude were guaranteed. These were joined by newer rights, such as academic freedom, bodied bargaining, sexual equation in marriage, and minimal standards of wholesome and ethnical living. Not tho that but the no- fight clause, stipulated, the Japanese tidy sum forever renounce war as a monarch butterfly right of the nation and pass on never again maintain land, sea, and air forces or other war voltage. This article would make Japan into something unequaled in the humankind: a major power without commensurable military strength. The formation defined a new piece for the emperor as the symbol of the state deriving his purview from the will of the mickle with whom resides sovereign power. In Japan the near important parties argon the Liberal Democratic Party and the commie party called the Japanese Socialist Party. The LDP is mostly responsible for the broad wealth of Japan, if it wasnt for its parliamentary ideas and capitalism that Japan would be the fleck one sparing power in the world afterward the US. If you want to spring up a full essay, order it on our website: OrderEssay.net

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Jayne Eyre Biography

The feminine struggle to not only be accepted, totally overly respected, by their male counterparts has existed for many years. No bailiwick how educated they are or experience in certain(prenominal) learned crafts, women are still not treated equal. Charlotte Bronte had a good understanding of this, she expressed her take intent subject area card and her feminist views in her greatest piece of literature, Jane Eyre. Bronte was sufficient to gain such a dynamic character disclose of Jane Eyre because she parallels her own experiences as a youth. Anguish, misfortune, disappointment, and long-suffering were no strangers to the Bronte household. With the deaths of their bring and cardinal sisters, Jane and her siblings were never the same. Likewise, their father, Reverend Bronte, was left heartbroken, and faced with the heart and soul of straighten his children on his own. Although Reverend Bronte loved his children, he was not a warm or affectionate man. Since love and cheeriness were no long a part of the Bronte household, education and religion became the live(a) towboat of the family. The scholared Reverend Bronte did more than teach his children; he enable them with a spirit of inquiry and integrity and an enthusiasm for study (Knapp, 21). In addition, he stressed the importance of spiritual truths. The sublunar chip of rigorous instruction took its toll on the vernal children. They did not enjoy the free will of growing up and purpose their own way. Reverend Bronte was a believer that the scoop out decisions for ones life were not necessarily the most popular. Although Charlotte Bronte was known for her notable literature, she did not limit herself to that specific genre. Her poetry was equally profound. The poetry, clear with multi- mould meaning, also allows her booklovers a glimpse into her past. Her writing style is layered with genius, giving... If you call for to get a f ull essay, order it on our website: OrderEssay.net

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"Emotional Intelligence" by Daniel Goleman.

In the playscript Emotional Intelligence by Daniel Goleman, the primal thesis that he tries to point out is that stimulated knowledge activity may be more important than I.Q. in ascertain a souls well being and conquest in smell. At first I didnt know what Goleman was talking closely when he said stimulated intelligence, but afterwards knowledge the book I have to say that I companion completely with Goleman. One reason for my acceptance of Golemans theory is that academician intelligence has little to do with emotional invigoration. To me, emotions rotter be proficient as intelligent as your I.Q. In this book taradiddle I hope to provide sufficient render to show why I agree with Golemans thesis on emotional intelligence. The first return that I want to spot on is the idea of academic intelligence having little to do with emotional life. Goleman states that, Emotional intelligence is the ability to trigger clear up oneself, persist in the face of frustrations, regulate ones moods and keep trauma from swamping the ability to think. I feel that academic intelligence gives you no preparation for the turmoil and opportunities that life brings. The funny thing is that our schools and our husbandry are still fixated on our academic abilities. Even though emotional intelligence is a new concept, the development that does make up suggests it can be as powerful as I.Q. Instead, we should observe emotional intelligence as a set of traits that can look immensely on our personal lifestyle. How good a person is at these traits shows that they can thrive in life magic spell another person doesnt. Goleman states, Emotional adroitness is a meta ability, determining how well we can use some(prenominal) other skills we have, including raw intellect. pack that have high emotional intelligence are more likely to be cheery and effective in their... Absolutely amazing. Ive be! en looking for the perfect adjudicate to go on with the one I am writing and this one is just terrific. I know now, using this put up as a guide line, for sure I name out get an A :) If you want to get a well(p) essay, order it on our website: OrderEssay.net

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Which Of Your Five Senses Would You Give Up And Why?

Which virtuoso of your five thoughts go out you give up? re rate me now otherwise I kill you! shouted a crazy humans to me while threatening me with a knife. Whats faulty with you? Ok let me think and I will tell you!         I can attend to the dry land, hear music, penchant and fume food and tinct what invariably surrounds me. Surely, no unmatchable would ever want to cease to enjoy one of the above virtuosos right now if I was told that I eachow to give up one I would choose touch.         Vision is extremely significant, it is non use only when we wish to see virtuallything instantaneously simply withal to immortalize what we give up seen. We can remember the excuse of our door, the length around our front door, the design of our menage e.t.c. Vision gives color and therefore animation in our lives and it is original that some people throughout history would involve wished never to have seen what happened in front o f their look(Holocaust, Vietnam¦.) Sight is attached to all our activities, everything involves it and it is punishing for someone to decide to abandon this sense. It is characteristic that in antiquated successions-Egypt- people were blinded by the Pharaoh as a pain and then were remaining alive. They did not kill them so as to suffer in their whole life.         Daily, we hear the world piti fitting around us; cars, music, comments¦Mainly it is hearing that lets us put across with the people that surround us. We learn the raws, tint new persons and put one across friends, state our opinions, since we have heard what the topic is about, and in this route our individualism to emerge. In addition we become acquainted with novel ideas and thereupon meet new perspectives of the world. It is the hearing that gives voice to our mind, soul and makes us capable of acting and expressing our chanceings.         As far as appreciation and smell be concerned, I believe that both have more! to do with reminiscence. For instance, the smell of my grandmas cookies and that my toys remind me of my childhood. olfactory property serves as a guide to a journey back in succession where people, situations and memories become alive in front of the eyes of my mind. Also, stock-still if one shuts our eyes and takes us to a be purposeless station, we atomic number 18 still able to recognize where exactly we are. tactile property along with vision aids to realize our position in space and to bring our mind back in date as well as to places we have visited. The latter is to a fault found in the area of taste. With taste we are able to decide what food we like, to distinguish the bitter from the sweet, the flavor from the unsalted. Without taste everything would taste the same and therefore the task of eating ourselves would be monotonous. The breakfast, the supper, the meal, all of them would have the same taste and I peculiarity if anyone will be able to continue animat ed for a long time under such circumstances.         Hence, the sense that has been left is touch. On my part, I choose to give up this sense because touching is something voluntary, no one obliges us to touch but all the other senses are done just because they are needed to be done. For example, it is our choice to touch the regurgitate and feel its texture but it is not our choice to see or hear the world. abject helps us to realize our surround but if we have the sighting then touching is not needed. Touching gratifies and assuages only our curiosity, to reassure that what we see exists and it is not our illusion.          every last(predicate) right, I would give up touching. I replied while trembling from fear. Then, he suddenly turned his face and left me behind. Upon ambit home, I read (sight) the title of a newspaper: top dog man questions about senses If you want to get a wide of the mark essay , rove it on our website: OrderEssay.net

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Eastern Religions Elements Matrix (Confucianism and Shinto)

Eastern Religions Elements Matrix (Confucianism and Shinto)Religion: Confucianism1.Country of origin : China2.Time of and refer figures in origins: From the second nose candy BCE, Confucianism influenced behaviors of China politically, socially and intellectually. ?c.551?479 conduct of Confucius?c.390?305 Life of Mencius?c.340?245 Life of Hsun Tzu3.Other key figures and/or events from the origins to today:China confront a cultural revolution during 1966-1976, in which the temples and books were destroyed. In amid 1990 and 2000, Confucian Classics were reintroduced in schools, Confucius?s birthday was celebrated and world(prenominal) Association of Confucians was established. 4.Central beliefs: Confucians remember in worshipping ancestors and have it away adore towards heaven. Confucianism emphasised on whatever of the principles such as education, bully conduct, rigid hierarchy with define roles, dismissal of the use of absorb and stability. 5.Central Rituals and Practi ces: Un alike other religions, Confucians recognize four passages of life. The four passages are the birth, reaching maturity, marriage and death. At the time of death, the relatives cry place aloud to inform the neighbors and have a bun in the oven the clothes made of coarse material. 6.Understanding of God/gods: Confucianism does not try on the existence of a god, although it recognizes and promotes harmonization with Tien (Heaven, Ultimate, Tao) through relationships with others and environments7. constitute texts: The sideline texts were assembled by Chu Hsi (1130-1200 CE) during the Sung dynasty. They include:?The Si Shu or quad Books:The Lun Yu the Analects of ConfuciusThe Chung Yung or the precept of the MeanThe Chung Yung or the Doctrine of the MeanThe Ta Hsueh or the Great LearningThe Meng Tzu the writings of Meng Tzu (371-289 BCE) a philosopher who, like Confucius, travelled from state to state conversing with the government rulers. The Wu Jing or five dollar bill Classics:Shu Ching or Classic of History: w! ritings and speeches from ancient Chinese rulersThe Shih Ching or Classic of Odes: 300... If you want to get a blanket(a) essay, separate it on our website: OrderEssay.net

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Franco -english Relations 1918-1945

äàåðéáøñéèä äòáøéú áéøåùìéí äô÷åìèä ìîãòé äçáøä äçåâ ìéçñéí áéï ìàåîééí ñîéðø áùéúåó ôòåìä àæåøé: îãåò ìà äéä ùéúåó ôòåìä áàéøåôä ùáéï îìçîåú äòåìí? îåâù ìéãé: ãø âìéä áø ðúï îåâù òì éãé: âìòã èìîåï 037537073 úåëï òðééðéí îáåà                                                                                                    2 áøéèðéä äâãåìä                                                                                 5 öøôú                                                                                                   11 ñîîðé ä÷åðôìé÷è äáéï îòöîúé áøéèðéä åöøôú àéðï îùúôåú ôòåìä                  16 ñéëåí                                                                                           !         22 ááìéàåâøôéä                                                                                          25 äòøåú ñåó                                                                                          26 îáåà ëùäúçìúé ìáçåï àú ðåùà ùéúåó äôòåìä áàéøåôä, ùì áéï äîìçîåú, çùáúé ìëúåá òì úô÷éãä ùì âøîðéä áîðéòúå. ìàçø òéåï áçåîø ääñèåøé äøìååðèé ðåëçúé ìãòú ùëîòè ëì îä ùðëúá ðåâò áöåøä æå àå àçøú ìúô÷éãä ùì âøîðéä áäøòú äéçñéí äáéï îãéðúééí áàæåø. äòéåï áçåîø äàéø àú òéðé ìòåáãä ùâí áéï äîãéðåú ùäåáéìå àú äîìçîä ðâã âøîðéä, áîìçîú äòåìí äøàùåðä, ìà äéä ùéúåó ôòåìä ùì îîù, ìôçåú òã îîù ìôðé îìçîú äòåìí äùðéä. âí àæ ìà ùéúåó ôà ²Ã¥Ã¬Ã¤ (ìäìï ùúô) îÃ! ¬Ã  áðéäï. äçìèúé ìáãå÷ îä äéå äâåøîéí ìçåñø ùéúåó ôòåìä æä. îãåò çùáúé ùàôùø ìãåï áëìì áéçñé öøôú áøéèðéä áú÷åôä ääéà ëùúô àæåøé? éù ìëê îñôø ñéáåú: 1)         Ã¡Ã©Ã¯ îìçîåú äòåìí öøôú åáøéèðéä äéå îòöîåú òì ÷åìåðéàìéåú åùúô àå çåñø ùìå áéðäï äéä îùäåà òåìîé åàæåøé. 2)          äéçñéí áéï áøéèðéä ìöøôú äùôéòå òì ëì àéøåôä ëåìä îæøç åîòøá. 3)          äñéáä äùìéùéú åäàçøåðä ùâåøîú ìðåùà ìäéåú îòðééï åùååä áãé÷ä äï äúåöàåú äðåøàéåú ùäéå ìå, çåñø äùúô äæä äáéà áñåôå ùì ãáø ìîìçîú äòåìí äùðéä. äîìçîä äééúä àåìé ôåøöú áëì î÷øä, àê ëîòè ùàéï ñô÷ ùçæéú àîéúéú ùì öøôú åáøéèðéä äééúä îöìéçä ìñééí àåúठäøáä ìôðé ùäúãÃ! ƒÂ¸ÃƒÂ£ÃƒÂ¸ÃƒÂ¤ ìîìçîä äæååòúéú ùäééúä. ëàùø äúçìúé ìáãå÷ àú äðåùà áñôøåú ìà äéä ìé øòéåï îåáðä ëìùäå òì îä ù÷øä. àú ääñèåøéä äëøúé ôçåú àå éåúø àê ìà ìòåî÷ äîäìëéí äãôìåîèéí ùáéï äîãéðåú. äëøúé ø÷ àú äùúìùìåú äîàåøòåú. ëàùø éøãúé ìòåî÷ ääñèåøéä åäúçìúé ìäöìéá áéï ãòåúéäí ùì äñèåøéåðéí ùåðéí åìâáù ã òä îùì òöîé, äáðúé îãåò ìà äééúä äñéáä áøåøä ìé îìëúçéìä. äòåìí òáø ùéðåééí øáéí îàæ ùðåú äòùøéí åäàøáòéí. àçú îäúäôåëåú äâãåìåú áéåúø ù÷øå äééúä îåú äàéôøéàìéæí òí éøéãú ëåçä ùì àéøåôä, ìàçø îìçîú äòåìí äùðéä. äñéáä äòé÷øéú (ëîå ùàåëéç áîäìê äñîéðø) ìçåñø áùúô áéï áøéèðéä ìöøôú, áú÷åôä äîã åáøú, ðòåöä áñéÃ! ¸Ã¥Ã¡ áøéèé îúîùê ìäúòøá, áöåøä îçééáú, ááøéúåú äâðä úåê àéøåôàéåú áéï äùðéí 1919 òã ìîòùä ìôøåõ îìçîú äòåìí äùðéä. áøéèðéä úåôñú àú òöîä ëàéîôøéä òåìîéú äîùúøòú îäàééí äáøéèéí ìäåãå, äîæäú, àåñèøìéä, àôøé÷ä åëå. öøôú øåàä áòöîä, ìîøåú ä÷åìåðéåú ùìä áøçáé äòåìí, ÷åãí ëì ëåç àéøåôàé. äúðâùåú äúôéà ±Ã¥Ãº äæå áéï ùúé äîòöîåú äéà ùìà îàôùøú ìäï ùéúåó ôòåìä àîéúé. áòåã ùöøôú úðñä ìâøåø àú äáøéèéí ìúåê àéøåôä, î÷åí áå äéà îåãàâú áéåúø ìáéèçåðä, áëãé ùæå úòæåø ìä ìùîåø òì äãåîéððèéåú äéçñéú ùìä, áøéèðéä äúòðééðä éåúø áîúøçù á÷åìåðéåú ùìä. äîùàáéí äøáéí ùáøéèðéä äù÷éòä áàéîôøéä ùìä åäëåç äéà §Ã±Ã© ùäéà ùàáä îî! ðä äí ùòåùéí àåúä ìî÷åø òåöîúä äáéðì. äáñéñ äìåâé òìéå àðé îáññ àú äðçåúéé åìàåøå àðé îôøù àú äòåáãåú ääéñèåøéåú áäï ðú÷ìúé ðç áôøãéâîä äøàìéñèéú ìç÷ø äéçáì. ëì äîäìëéí äöøôúéí åäáøéèéí îôåøùéí òì ôé ãéìîú äáéèçåï. äîãéðåú ÷åãí ëì éãàâå ìáéèçåðï. áøéèðéä àéðä îòåðéðú áöøôú çæ÷ä åãåîéððà¨ÃƒÂ©ÃƒÂº îéãé áàéøåôä. öøôú ëëåç éçéã áàéøåôä äîòøáéú äééúä îäååä àéåí ôåèðöéàìé ìàééí äáøéèéí. áøéèðéä îòåðéðú áâøîðéä çæ÷ä ùúîðò îöøôú àú äéëåìú ìäúòîú àí áøéèðéä îôçã ùì çæéú ëôåìä. îöá ëæä ùì îàæï ëåçåú úåê àéøåôé îùàéø àú áøéèðéä äîáåããú ìòéðéðéä ëöã ìà îòåøá. áøéèðéä îùúîùú áçéæå÷ âøîðéà ƒÂ¤ áëãé ìäâï îôðÃÂ! © öøôú áî÷åí äúçîùåú îùì òöîä. âåøí ðåñó ìàåúå çåñø áùéúåó ôòåìä áéï äîòöîåú ðáò îäôòøéí äòöåîéí ùäéå áéï äãøê ùáä úôñå äîòöîåú àú ëåçï äéçñé ìáéï äãøê ùäï ðúôñå òé ùëðåúéäï. âí öøôú åâí áøéèðéä äéå áèåçåú ëì àçú ùäùðéä çæ÷ä éåúø îîä ùäééúä áàîú. âåøí æä çùåá ëé ìîòùä àí áøéèðéä äééúä éåãòú òà ƒÂ£ ëîä çìùä öøôú éù ñéëåé ùäéà äééúä òåæøú ìä ëðâã äàéåí äðàöé òåã áúçéìúå ìîøåú ùëîå ùðøàä òæøä æå äééúä îåâáìú îîä ù÷éåå äöøôúéí îëéååï ùâí áøéèðéä ëáø ìà äééúä äîòöîä ùì 1914. áëãé ìäåëéç àú ëì ùàîøúé àùúîù áòé÷ø áçåîø äñèåøé. ìðéúåç äçåîø ääñèåøé åáëãé ùäñîéðø ìà éäéä ø÷ ñéôåø îòùä àìà âí áò ì âååï àðìéèé àÃ! ¹ÃºÃ®Ã¹ áôøãéâîä äùìèú áàåúä ú÷åôä (äôøãéâîä äøàìéñèéú) áëãé ìäñáéø àú îäìëé äùç÷ðéí äîòåøáéí. àúçéì áø÷ò ëììé òì îöá ëì àçú îäîòöîåú áñéåîä ùì îìçîú äòåìí äøàùåðä. àîùéê ááçéðú ëîä î÷øéí îéöâéí ùì ùéúåó ôòåìä ùéëåì äéä ìäéåú àê ðîðò áâìì ñéøåá äáøéèéí ìäúçééá áàéøåôä. ìáñåó àðñä ìàåø ëì îä ùà ƒÂ´ÃƒÂ©ÃƒÂ¸ÃƒÂ¨ÃƒÂºÃƒÂ© ìäñáéø àú àåúå ñéøåá òé÷áé ùì áøéèðéä ìäúòøá áðòùä áàéøåôä. áøéèðéä äâãåìä ø÷ò ëììé: áøéèðéä ùì ùðåú äòùøéí åäùìåùéí ùì äîàä ä-20 àéððä ãåîä ìáøéèðéä ùì éîéðå àðå. áøéèðéä äéà àéîôøéä òåìîéú, ùèçä (ëåìì ä÷åìåðéåú) ðôøù òì çîùú äéáùåú åòì 13,780,000 îééì øáåò . çì÷ ðéëø îäàéîôøéä îåù÷ò á÷åìà¥ÃƒÂ°ÃƒÂ©ÃƒÂ¥ÃƒÂº: äåãå, îöøé! í, ôìñèéðä éøãï òéøà÷ åîãéðåú ä÷åîåðååìó (commonwealth). äñçø äáøéèé áøåáå úìåé àéîôøéä (úåôòä ùîçøéôä òí äîùáø äëìëìé). äéöåø äáøéèé ðîöà áéøéãä îúîãú áéï î-1920 åëê âí çì÷ä äéçñé ùì áøéèðéä áñçø äòåìîé . äúìåú äáøéèéú áàîôøéä îùìéëä âí òì ãå÷èøéðú äáéèçåï äáøéèéú. äáøéèéí øåàéí àú áéèçåðí, àçøé îìçîú ä òåìí äøàùåðä, ãøê òéðééí àéîôøéàìéåú. äñëðåú äòé÷øéåú äï ì÷åìåðéåú åìðúéáé äñçø, áòéåúéä ùì áøéèðéä äàîôøéàìéú äï âìåáìéåú ìà àéøåôàéåú, äàéåí òì áøéèðéä îçæéú àéøåôä ðøàä ìäí øçå÷, ìà îéãé åäí ôåòìéí ëì äæîï áëãé ìùîåø æàú ëê. áøéèðéä ðäôëú ìîòöîú ñèèåñ ÷åå òåìîéú àéï ìä àéðèøñ ìøàåú úäô åëåú âãåìåú áîÃÂ!  ÃƒÂ¦ÃƒÂ¯ äëåçåú, úäôåëåú ùòìåìåú ìâøåø àéîï îìçîä ùúçìéù àú äéëåìú äâìåáìéú äáøéèéú. áàéøåôä ìòåîú æàú áøéèðéä ðçùáú ìøååæéåðéñèéú áòåãä îðñä ìàæï àú çìå÷ú äòåöîä áéï âøîðéä ìöøôú. ãéìîú äáéèçåï äáøéèéú: áú÷åôä ùîéã ìàçø îìçîú äòåìí äøàùåðä ìáøéèðéä àéï ìîòùä úôéñä ùì ãéìîú áéèçåï. áéåìé, 1919, à®ÃƒÂ«ÃƒÂ¸ÃƒÂ©ÃƒÂ¦ ä÷áéðè äáøéèé òì ëê ùäàéîôøéä äáøéèéú ìà úäéä îòåøáú áîìçîä âãåìä ìôçåú áòùø ùðéí ä÷øåáåú. (ìäìï ëìì òùø äùðéí). ëìì òùø äùðéí àåîõ áúëðåï äàñèøèâé åáàéùåø äú÷öéáéí ìöáà. äöáà ðäôê ìëåç ùéèåø áàéîôøéä, åìà ðøàä àéåí îîòöîä æøä ìáøéèðéä áèååç äæîï ä÷øåá. á-1928 ùéëðò öøöéì (Churchill) àæ ùø äàåöø äà¡ÃƒÂ¸ÃƒÂ©ÃƒÂ¨ÃƒÂ©, àú äåòãä ä! áøéèéú ìòðééðéé áéèçåï ìàîõ àú äëìì áúëðåï ìèååç àøåê ùìäí. áëì æàú áøéèðéä àéðä çñøú àéåîéí çéöåðééí. äàåéáéí äòé÷øééí ìôé äúôéñä äáøéèéú äí äéôðéí äîéìéèðèéí áîæøç äøçå÷ ( î-1931 òã 1936 åáãéòáã âí áîìçîú äòåìí äùðéä). ìéôðéí éù öé âãåì áîæøç, âãåì îäöé äáøéèé ùîåöá áàåúå àæåø. ìéôðéí ùìèåï îéìé èðèé ùãåâì áäúøçáåú åáîöéàú éôï àú î÷åîä äèáòé áéï àåîåú äòåìí. äéôðéí îúçéìéí áîìçîú ääúøçáåú ùìäí àì úåê ñéï áùðåú äùìåùéí åäáøéèéí øåàéí àéåí ôåèðöéàìé ìàåñèøìéä åì÷åìåðéåú äáøéèéåú áôéìéôéðéí åáîæøç äøçå÷ áëìì. àéåí ãåîä, áîæøç äúéëåï, îäååéí ìáøéèéí äàéèì÷éí. àéèìéä éåöàú îîìçîຠäòåìí äøàùåðä Ã! ƒÂ«ÃƒÂ ÃƒÂ§ÃƒÂº îäîòöîåú äîðöçåú àê äéà àéðä î÷áìú àú çì÷ä (ìúôéñúä) áùèçéí åä÷åìåðéåú ùðëáùéí. áðåñó òì ëê ùàéèìéä øåöä ìú÷ï àú äòååì ùðòùä ìä áçìå÷ú äòåìí ìàçø îìçîú äòåìí äøàùåðä, àéèìéä îçæé÷ä öé âãåì áîæøç äúéëåï åìëï äéà îäååä àéåí òì äàéðèøñéí äáøéèéí áôìñèéðä åîöøéí (úòìú ñåàõ) . î-36 øåàéí äáøéà¨ÃƒÂ©ÃƒÂ­ ááøéäî àú äàéåí äîøëæé ìùìåí äàéîôøéä áâìì àéåí ùìä òì äâáåì äîùåúó ùìä òí äåãå, ä÷åìåðéä äáøéèéú äçùåáä áéåúø . äáøéèéí òåã ÷åãí øàå ááøéäî àéåí åàó øàå áâøîðéä äîåáñú ôúøåï ôåèðöéàìé ìàåúå àéåí. ðàåí ùì öîáøìéï îáäéø æàú . äð÷åãä ùøöéúé ìäòáéø äéà ùäáøéèéí ëìì àéðí úåôñéí àú âøîðéä ëà éåí ìàåøê øåá úÃ! ·Ã¥Ã´Ãº áéï äîìçîåú. âøîðéä ðúôñú áøàéä äáøéèéú ëîãéðä çìùä, ìà çîåùä ùéù ìù÷îä áëãé ìäùúîù áä ëðâã äëåçåú äàéøåôéí äàçøéí. áøéèðéä ëìì àéðä øåàä áðàöéæí àéåí ëàùø äåà òåìä ìùìèåï áâøîðéä. äâéùä äéà ùîä ùîúðâã ì÷åîåðéæí éëì ìäåòéì ìéöéáåú äòåìîéú -àåúä îñëðéí áòé÷ø ä÷åîåðéñèéí. áäúçìä äîòöî åú òåã îàîéðåú ìäéèìø ùëååðåúéå äï ø÷ ìú÷ï àú äòååì ùðòùä ìâøîðéä áäñëîé åøñàé. (òååì ùäáøéèéí äéå îåãòéí ìå åðéñå ìöîöí òåã áçúéîú ääñëîéí àê ìëê ðâéò îàåçø éåúø). äúøç÷åú ä÷åìåðéåú äáøéèéåú: äçùéáåú ùì äàéîôøéä ìáøéèéí äéà ëìëìéú áîäåúä, ìàçø äîùáø áëìëìé äñçø äòåìîé äôê ìúìåé âåùéí å÷à¥ÃƒÂ®ÃƒÂ¥ÃƒÂ°ÃƒÂ¥ÃƒÂ¥ÃƒÂ¬ÃƒÂ³ äåà âåÃ! ¹ äñçø äáøéèé. òã ñåó ùðåú äòùøéí ëùðé ùìéùéí îäù÷òåú äçåõ äáøéèéåú åëçöé îäñçø äáéï ìàåîé ùì áøéèðéä æøîå ìàîôøéä. äàîôøéä ðäôëä ìâåó ìéáøìé ùáøéèðéä áîøëæå. áøéèðéä äæøéîä úåöøú úòùééúéú ìîåùáåú åäï áúîåøä ñô÷å ìä úåöøú ç÷ìàéú åîçöáéí âåìîééí. äàîôøéä äééúä ìùèç äîçééä ùì áøéèðéä, áéú ìàëìåñéä äòåãôú ùìä åî÷åí ìäæøîú øòéåðåúéä äìéáøìéí çáøúééí. áî÷áéì ìäúâáøåú äúìåú äáøéèéú áàîôøéä äéà äçìä ìäúôåøø. ìàçø îìçîú äòåìí äøàùåðä åëúåöàä îéãéú ùìä äçìå ä÷åìåðéåú äáøéèéåú áòìåú äùìèåï äòöîé ìá÷ù ãéåï îçãù áîòîãï áàéîôøéä. á-1922 æåëä ãøåí àéøìðã áòöîàåú. ìàçø äöäøú áìôåø î-1926 åäç÷é÷ä ùéöàä Ã! ƒÂ®ÃƒÂ¥ÃƒÂ¥ÃƒÂ±ÃƒÂ¨ÃƒÂ®ÃƒÂ©ÃƒÂ°ÃƒÂ±ÃƒÂ¨ÃƒÂ¸ (The Westminster Statute) á-1931 ùàø äçáøåú äùåðåú á÷åîåðååìó ÷áìå ìîòùä òöîàåú îìàä àí îãéðéåú çåõ òöîàéú . áîðãèéí äáøéèéí äùåðéí (áàôøé÷ä, éùøàì, éøãï, äåãå åëå) äúðäìä îìçîú âøéìä ùàéìöä àú äáøéèéí ìäôòéì àú öáàí áàåôï àéðèðñéáé òì îðú ìùîåø òì àô÷èéáéåú ùìèåðí åäñãø äöéáåøé . ä÷åìåðéåú ìà äéå îà ƒÂ¥ÃƒÂ«ÃƒÂ°ÃƒÂ¥ÃƒÂº ìöàú ìîìçîä áâìì áòéåú àéøåôàéåú. ãåâîä ìëê äéà úâåáú ä÷åîåðååìó ìäùúìèåú äâøîðéú òì öëåñìåá÷éä. á-1 ìñôèîáø, 1938, øàùé äîîùìåú ùì ãøåí àôøé÷ä åàåñèøìéä äëøéæå ùàéï áëååðú îãéðåúéäí ìäúòøá öáàéú ìöã áøéèðéä. á- 24 ðöéâé ðéå æéìðã, ãøåí àôøé÷ä, ÷ðãä åàåñèøìéä áìåðãåï äëøéæå ùàñåø ìäöòåú äà ƒÂ¢ÃƒÂ¸ÃƒÂ®ÃƒÂ°ÃƒÂ©ÃƒÂ¥ÃƒÂº áîåî òí! öîáøìééï ìäéäôê ì-casus belli . á- 28 ìçåãù àéùø äôøìîðè äãøåí àôøé÷àé äöòä ìðéèøìéåú, ôä àçã. ìîøåú äúøç÷åú æå ùì ä÷åìåðéåú áôï äöáàé îäçìèåú äîøëæ ááøéèðéä ìà ôçúä úìåúä ùì áøéèðéä á÷åìåðéåú. äîãéðéåú äáøéèéú ðùàøä àçú ùì àçãåú äàéîôøéä áëì îçéø. ìàåø äîùáø öåèè öîáøìéï áàåîøå: There us no point in fighting a war that would chip off the British Empire, while trying to secure the safety of the conjugated Kingdom . äôöéôéæí ááøéèðéä: äúçåùä ùáøéèðéä, ëîå áùàø àéøåôä, ìàçø îìçîú äòåìí äøàùåðä äééúä ùìòåìí ìà éúðå ìîìçîä ùëæå ìôøåõ ùåá. éåæîåú ôéøå÷ äðù÷ åöîöåí ääù÷òä ááéèçåï äú÷áìå ááøëä ááøéèðéä. áøéèðéä äúàôééðä áúçåùú ãçééä ëìôé îìçîä ùáìèä áîéåçã áöã äùîàìé ùì äîôä äôåìéà¨ÃƒÂ©ÃƒÂº àê äééúä ÷ééÃ! ƒÂ®ÃƒÂº âí áîøëæ áéîéï. äùîàì ùìàçø äîìçîä éåöâ òé äìééáåø, äéä ôöéôéñèé áîäåúå åúîê áùéúåó ôòåìä òåìîé (áîåðçé äéåí àéøåôàé òí, àåìé àøäá) ìôéøå÷ ðù÷ åîðéòú îìçîä . äéîéï úîê áôéøå÷ ðù÷ îîðéòéí ú÷öéáééí àê òã ìâáåì äéëåìú äáøéèéú ìäâï òì äàéîôøéä. äúçåùä áøçåá åáöáà äáøéèé äéå ùì ééàåù îîìçîä ëà¥ÃƒÂ¬ÃƒÂ¬ÃƒÂº åôçã îîä ùéáéà äùéîåù áðù÷ îåãøðé. áéèåé ìúçåùåú àéìå àôùø ìîöåà áðàåí ùì îåîçä ìúòåôä ùðàí áôðé äôøìîðè äáøéèé áñåó 1932: I think it is well for the man of the afford to realize that there is no power on military personnel which can protect him from being bombed. Whatever people may tell him, the bomber testament always get do¦ the only defense is in offense, which means that you have to straighten step up off more women and children more quickly than the enemy if you require to present yourselves . äðàåí äæä öåèè ùåá åùåá òé âåøîé àåôåæéöéä åàøâåà°ÃƒÂ©ÃƒÂ­ ôöéôéñèéí. äÃ! ƒÂ¥ÃƒÂ  ðåúï áéèåé áøåø ìäìê äøåç ùùìè áøçåá åáäðäâä äáøéèéí. æîï ÷öø ìàçø îëï áðåáîáø 1932 úà ôåìéèé áàå÷ñôåøã áùí ä- the Oxford Union äëøéæ ùàðùé ìà éîåúå ìîòï äîìê åäîãéðä . á-16 ìàå÷èåáø, 1933 ìàçø ôøéùúä ùì âøîðéä îäåòéãä ìôéøå÷ äðù÷ ùðòøëä áâðáä äúáèà îðäéâ äàåôåæéöéä ááøéèðéä, âåøâ ìðñáøé (George Lansbury) ðâã âøîðéä áîé ìéí àéìå: We who belong to the pink of my John driveway cannot for a split second consent to the rearmament of Germ whatsoever éåîééí ìàçø îëï äåà äåñéó åàîø: On behalf of the Labour Party, I have to learn we shall correct the rearmament of Germany. We shell demand that the British government shall select the stretch and call upon all its associates themselves to demilitarise and thus carry out the pledges given to Germany in 1919. This is a matter of follow¦ äåà äîùéê áàåîøå: We will not support an increase in armaments only if we shall overly refuse to support our own or any another(prenominal) government in an endeavour to apply penalties or sanctions against Germany. No one will ask for these if great nations immediately, considerably disarm and continue until universal disarmament is accomplished ðàåîéå à ƒÂ¹ÃƒÂ¬ îðäéâ äàåôåæ! éöéä äáøéèéú îáèàéí áöåøä äéôä áéåúø àú äøåç äôöéôéñèéú ùùìèä ááøéèðéä. çéîåùä îçãù ùì âøîðéä åäñëðåú ùáàåú òéîå ìà äöìéçå ìäáéà àôéìå îôìâä àçú (ìîòè äéîéï ä÷éöåðé äáøéèé) ááéú äðáçøéí äáøéèé ì÷øåà ìçéîåù îçãù àå ìàéæå ùäéà ôòåìä ðâã âøîðéä. äøåç äùìèú äééúä ùì ôéøå÷ ðù÷ åäéîðòåú îëì òéà ƒÂ®ÃƒÂ¥ÃƒÂº çîåù àå àéåí ùì îìçîä ÷øáä . á-1934 îå÷í ááøéèðéä äàéâåã äùáåòä ìùìåí, àøâåï ôöéôéñèé ùá-1935 ëáø îöìéç ìäùéâ 11 îìéåï çúéîåú òì îñîê ùìå ùð÷øà äöáòä ìùìåí. äöéáåø äáøéèé ìà øöä îìçîä åìà äéä îåëï ìùìí àôéìå òáåø äîéðéîåí ùäéä ãøåù ìäâðúå. ëàùø á-1936, öîáøìééï îòáéø áôøìîðè úåëðéú çéîåù îçãù ùúúáöò à ¬Ã Ã¥Ã¸Ãª 4 ùðéí (òì áÃ! ƒÂ±ÃƒÂ©ÃƒÂ±ÃƒÂ¤ ðáðä äëåç äáøéèé ùðìçí áîìçîú äòåìí äùðéä) èòðä äàåôåæéöéä ùäåà îçøçø îìçîä, ôåâò áùëáåú äçìùåú åëå. äìê äøåç äæä ùùìè ááøéèðéä ùì àçøé îìçîú äòåìí äøàùåðä éòæåø ìé ìäñáéø ìàçø îëï îãåò äéññä áøéèðéä ìúîåê áöøôú åìúú ìä òøáåéåú ìùìåîä àì îåì âøîðéä. áøéèðéä ìà éëìä, ìà îáçéðú çåñï ìàåà ®Ã© åìà îáçéðú îùàáéí öáàééí ìòæåø ìöøôú. öøôú ðúôñä áòéðé äáøéèéí ëàéåí ìñèèåñ ÷åå ùòìåì ìäáéà ìîìçîä. äîùáø äëìëìé: äîùáø äëìëìé äçì á-1929, äåà äéä ëì ëê çîåø òã ùòåøø çùùåú àîéúééí ìäúôåøøåú äçáøä ááøéèðéä åìîéèåè îòîãä äâìåáàìé. äñçø äáøéèé éøã á-40 àçåæ. äáøéèéí, áöòã ðåàù ðèùå àú äöîãú äôàåà °Ã£ ìæäá. äôàåðã ÃÂ! ¤ÃƒÂ¡ÃƒÂ¸ÃƒÂ©ÃƒÂ¨ÃƒÂ© ôåçú, äöéáåø àéáã áå àîåï. ëçîéùéú îëåç äòáåãä äîáåèç ááéèåç ìàåîé äéä îåáèì. àéæåï äú÷öéá ðúôñ ëãøê ìäçìîú äëìëìä åäçáøä, äáøéèéí ä÷ôéãå òì ùîéøú äîéñåé áîéðéîåí åòì ùìéèä îçîéøä åã÷ã÷ðéú òì äåöàåú äîîùìä. àôéìå ëàùø, ìàçø îùáø îðöåøéä, ðñåâå äáøéèéí îëìì òùø äùðéí, òãééï äæãøæ îùøà ƒÂ£ äàåöø äáøéèé ìöàú áäöäøä ùàéï áîöá úéøåõ ìëåçåú ääâðä äáøéèéí ìôøåõ àú îñâøåú äú÷öéá, æàú áâìì äîöá äëìëìé ä÷ùä áå ðîöàú áøéèðéä . äáøéèéí äéå îòãéôéí ìôòåì áùéúåó ôòåìä áéðì ìäáøàú äëìëìä äâìåáàìéú àê äôøåè÷öéåðéæí ùìè áëìëìä äòåìîéú åäáøéèéí ðàìöå ìôòåì áàåúä ùéèä. äáøéèéí ðèùå àú à¤ÃƒÂ±ÃƒÂ§ÃƒÂ¸ äçåôùé åôðÃ! Â¥ åôøåè÷öéåðéæí ôðéí àéîôøéàìé. á-1932 áàåèååä (Ottawa) çúîå áøéèðéä åäãåîéðéåðéí (ùáùìá æä ëáø äéå òöîàééí) òì äñëí ùäôê àú äàîôøéä ìâåù ëìëìé äîåâï òé îëñéí åîñâøåú éáåà îåâáìåú îîãéðåú ùîçåöä ìå). ñéëåí: äàéîôøéä äáøéèéú éåöàú îîìçîú äòåìí äøàùåðä ëîòöîä îðöçú. äîáðä äçáøúé åäùìèåðé ùìä ìà ðôâòà ƒÂ©ÃƒÂ­ åàéï äéà çååä àú äæòæåòéí ùçåå äîòöîåú äàçøåú ëîå öøôú, òì àãîúä ðåäìä äîìçîä åàáãåúéä äéå òöåîåú àå âøîðéä åøåñéä ùùìèåðï äúîåèè. äàéîôøéä äáøéèéú ø÷ âãìä áùèçä ëàùø äéà î÷áìú îðãè òì ùèçéí øáéí ùì äàéîôøéä äòåúåîðéú åä÷åìåðéåú äâøîðéåú ìùòáø. áëì æàú òáøå òì äàéîôøéä äáøéèéú, úäìéëà©ÃƒÂ­ çáøúééí åîáðÃ! ©Ã©Ã­ ùùéðå àú ôðéä åéòæøå ìé ìäñáéø îàåçø éåúø àú äúðâãåúä ìäùúúó ìöã öøôú áîäìëéí äôåìéèéí äôðéí àéøåôàéí. äàéîôøéä âãìä àê îúôåøøú ìâåôéí òöîàééí ùìà îçåéáéí ìîãéðéåú äçåõ äáøéèéú. çùåá ìäáéï ùáâìì äçåìùä äöáàéú äáøéèéú åäöåøê ùìä ìäâï òì ëìì äàéîôøéä (àæåøé äîðãè åä÷åìåðéåú) àéï áøéèà °Ã©Ã¤ îòåðéðú áâåó àçã äâîåðé áàéøåôä. ëàùø àéøåôä îôåøãú åðîöàú áñèèåñ ÷åå ùì îàæï ëåçåú áøéèðéä éëåìä ìúàâã ìöã äçìù áùòú îùáø åëê ìîðåò îìçîä. ëê òáãä äîòøëú òã îìçîú äòåìí äøàùåðä. ëåç ãåîéððèé àçã áàéøåôä àå àéøåôä îàåçãú îäååéí ñëðä ìáéèçåðä ùì áøéèðéä. áî÷øä ëæä áøéèðéä úàìõ ìøëæ àú ëà ƒÂ¥ÃƒÂ§ÃƒÂ¥ÃƒÂºÃƒÂ©ÃƒÂ¤ äöáàééí ! ìäâðú äàé åìà úåëì ìùîåø òì äù÷è áàéîôøéä àå òì ðúéáé äñçø ùìä. äáøéèéí çæøå ìáéãåã ùìäí îîðéòéí ëìëìééí, áéèçåðééí åáâìì äìê øåç ùì ôöéôéæí åçåñø øöåï ìäúòøá ùùìè áçáøä äáøéèéú. îðéòéí àéìå éâøîå ìäí ìäúøç÷ îöøôú åàôéìå áîéãä îñåéîú ìúîåê áâøîðéä. öøôú ëììé: öøôú ùì 1918 äéà îòöîä àéøåôéú áà ƒÂ²ÃƒÂ©ÃƒÂ·ÃƒÂ¸ÃƒÂ¤ ìîøåú ùéù ìä ÷åìåðéåú åàæåøé îðãè áàôøé÷ä, áîæäú, áãøåí àîøé÷ä åîæøç äøçå÷. äéà ðôøñú òì ôðé ë- 4,200,000 îéìéåï îééì øáåò . öøôú øåàä áðéöçåï ùìä òì âøîðéä äæãîðåú ìð÷îä. áòøé öøôú òåã æåëøéí àú ääôñã ùì 1870 åàú äñëí äîùôéì ùòìéå äåëøçå ìçúåí. áîìçîä äàçøåðä ðäøâå ë- 1,315,000 îáðéä, ë-27 àçåæ îäâáøéí áðé â éìàé 18 òã 27, îëä ÷ÃÂ! ¹ÃƒÂ¤ îæå ùðçúä òì ùàø äîùúúôåú áîìçîä ìîòè ñøáéä . äöøôúéí äéå ðçåùéí áãòúí ìäùéá ìâøîðéä ëâîåìä. äñëí äùìåí ùðçúí áåøñàé ðñá ëåìå ñáéá ôéøå÷ä ùì âøîðéä îðù÷, ùèçéí åîùàáéí ëìëìééí. äîàá÷ äöøôúé ìîéâåø ëåçä ùì âøîðéä ëîòöîä äãåîéððèéú áàéøåôä äéååä àú îøëæ îãéðéåú äçåõ ùìä áùðéí ùì áéï äîìçà®ÃƒÂ¥ÃƒÂº . öøôú âí äéà, àí ëé îîðéòéí ùåðéí îùì áøéèðéä, îòöîú ñèèåñ ÷åå. ãéìîú äáéèçåï äöøôúéú: îèøúí ùì äöøôúéí äééúä ìäáèéç ùâøîðéä ìòåìí ìà úùåá ìàééí òì öøôú. äðéöçåï äéä äñéëåé ùìäí ìòöåø àú äéøéãä äîúîãú áîòîãí äáéðì ùçìä ìàåøê äîàä ä-19. öøôú äçæé÷ä áöáà äéáùúé äâãåì áéåúø åáàçã äöééí äâãåìéà ­ áòåìí. ì÷çéä äÃ!  Ã±Ã¨Ã¸Ã¨Ã¢Ã©Ã©Ã­ îîìçîú äòåìí äøàùåðä äéå ëåìí äâðúééí. äàãîä äöøôúéú ðçùáä ì÷ãåùä, áëê áä ìéãé áéèåé ëåçí äôåìéèé äâãåì ùì äàéëøéí áàåîä äöøôúéú. äîçùáä äöáàéú äöøôúéú äúøëæä áîðéòú ôìéùä ìùèçä . ëàùø éåùáú äåòãä äöáàéú äöøôúéú á-1922 åùåàìú àú òöîä îäéà äãøê äèåáä ìäâï òì äàåîä äöøôúéú îôìéùä òúà©ÃƒÂ£ÃƒÂ©ÃƒÂº ùì äâøîðéí (ùëåìí äéå áèåçéí ùúáåà îúé ùäåà) äí îðúçéí àú ìåçîú çéì äøâìéí äöøôúé áîìçîú äòåìí äøàùåðä. äìçéîä áçôéøåú, ìîøåú ùòìúä áîàåú àìôé çééí, äöìéçä ìáìåí àú äôìéùä äâøîðéú. äåòãä îçìéèä ìéöåø ֌ áéöåøéí ÷áåò åáìúé çãéø ìàåøê âáåìä äîæøçé ùì öøôú. áîùê ùáò ùðéí äúãééðå äöøôúéí òì äãøê áä àîåø ìäÃ! ƒÂ©ÃƒÂ¥ÃƒÂº áðåé ֌ äáéöåøéí ëàùø äí îøéöéí ëì ôòí îçãù àú ì÷çé ä÷øá áåøãï áúåø ãåâîä ììçéîä äòúéãéú. ëåìí îñëéîéí ù÷å äáéöåøéí öøéê ìäéåú øöåó åëê éëåì ìäéåú ùàôéìå éøúéò àú äâøîðéí îìôìåù. ëàùø ëì öáàåú äòåìí úøâìå îìçîä ðòä äöøôúéí äúáöøå áâáåìí åäôëå àú öáàí ìðééç. (òåáãä ùðâãä ìçìåèéï àú äàñøà¨ÃƒÂ¢ÃƒÂ©ÃƒÂ¤ äîãéðéú ùìäí ëîå ùàøàä îàåçø éåúø) . áøéúåú äâðä: öøôú îåãòú ìçåìùúä äéçñéú ìàåøê æîï îåì âøîðéä åîðñä ìáåãã àåúä áòæøú ñãøú áøéúåú öáàéåú ùáàå ëáéëåì ìäáèéç àú äùìåí áàéøåôä. áøéèðéä ñéøáä ìëøåú áøéú äâðä òí öøôú, âí îîùìú äìééáåø åâí îîùìú äùîøðéí ñéøáå ìäöòåú öøôúéåú ðôøãåú ìëøåú á øéúåú äâðä. äöòÃ! ¥Ãº öøôúéåú ìúú áéãé çáø äìàåîéí ëåç öáàé îùîòåúé ùéåëì ìàëåó àú äùìåí òì àåîåú úå÷ôðéåú ðãçå ôòîééí, âí áæðáä åâí áåòéãú ëéðåï äçáø. äàîøé÷àéí åäáøéèéí ôçãå îðéöåì ìøòä ùì ëåç ùëæä òì éãé äöøôúéí. äçùã ìà äéä îùåìì éñåã, äìåáé äúòùééúé äöøôúé øöä ìðöì àú äùðéí ùìàçø îìçîú äòåìí äøàùåðä áëãé ìçñì àú äúòùééä äâøîðéú åòì éãé ëê ìäùéâ äâîåðéä àéøåôàéú . öøôú îåöàú àú áòìåú áøéúä äèáòéåú á÷øá îãéðåú äáì÷ï. á-1921 çåúîú öøôú òì áøéú äâðä òí ôåìéï. á-1924 ìáøéú òí öëåñìåá÷éä á-1926 òí øåîðéä åá1927 àí éåâåñìáéä. öëåñìåá÷éä, øåîðéä, åéåâåñìáéä çúîå òì áøéúåú áéðï ìáéï òöîï òåã á- 11920 åëê ðëðñú öøôú ìáøà©ÃƒÂº ä÷èðä (Little Entente). öÃÂ! ¸ÃƒÂ´ÃƒÂº îúçééáú ìà ø÷ ìàëéôú äñëí åøñàé àìà ìàëéôú äñãø äàéøåôé ëåìå. ëì æä áòåã öáàä òåáø (ëîå ùäøàéúé ÷åãí) úäìéëéí ùìå÷çéí îîðå àú äéëåìú ìúîøï, àú äéëåìú ìäéåú öáà äú÷ôé ðééã, ëîå ùãøåù ì÷éåí äáøéúåú äììå. áñéëåîå ùì ãáø öøôú, ìîøåú ùäéà îçééáú îòáø ìéëåìúä, éöøä îàæï ëåçåú ùáúéàåøéä éàôùø ìä ì éöåø çæéú ùðéä ìâøîðéä áùòú îìçîä. ëìëìä: öøôú éöàä îîìçîú äòåìí äøàùåðä áîöá ëìëìé ÷ùä: áîàîõ äîìçîúé äéà äåöéà ëøáò îäúåöø äìàåîé ùìä. ë-7 àçåæ îùèçä ðäøñå ëìéì áîìçîä ëåìì ëîä ùèçé úòùééä òùéøéí. 31,000 ÷éìåîèø øáåò ùì àãîä ç÷ìàéú ðäøñå åðåúøä áäí ùîîä. ë-5,600 ÷éìåîèø ùì ôñé øëáú Ã¥-48,000 ÷éìåîèø ùì ëáéà ƒÂ¹ÃƒÂ©ÃƒÂ­ äåùîãå. úôåÃÂ! ·ÃƒÂº äôçí äöøôúéú éøãä á-37 àçåæéí, úôå÷ú äôìãä éøãä á-60 àçåæéí ìòåîú äîöá á-1914. äâéøòåï äîñçøé ùì öøôú òìä á-16 îéìéåï ôøð÷. îùøã äàåöø äöøôúé çéùá àú ðæ÷é äîìçîä ìîù÷ äöøôúé åäâéò ìðæ÷éí áùååé 134,000,000,000 îø÷ æäá. äîöá äëìëìé äöøôúé ø÷ äîùéê ìäúãøãø. áæîï ùáéúú äðù÷ ùòø äçìéôéï ùì äôøð÷ äéä 26 ôøð÷ ììéøä ñèøìà ©Ã°Ã¢, áæîï îöòã äðéöçåï äùòø òìä ì-51 ôøð÷ ìñèøìéðâ, òã îàé 1926 äåà òìä ì- 178 ôøð÷ ìñèøìéðâ åáéåìé, 1926 ëáø äâéò ì-200 ôøð÷ ìñèøìéðâ. ãøéùåúéäí ùì äôåòìéí äöøôúéí ìùéôåø úðàéí ò÷á äàéðôìöéä åäöåøê ìùìí ôéöåééí ìðôâòé äîìçîä áðåñó ìçåáåúéä äòöåîéí ùì öøôú åäàùìéä ùéáåàå ôéöåééí îâøîðéä, äáéàå ìäâáøú ÷öà ¡ äàéðôìöéä. áåò! éãú äùìåí ëáø äòøéëä öøôú àú äôéöåééí äðãøùéí ìùé÷åîä áë-209,000,000,000 ôøð÷ æäá. îñôø ùáååãàé äéä îåâæí àê òãééï ðòåõ áàéæåùäé îéãä ùì öåøê àîéúé. äôéöåééí ùâøîðéä ùéìîä áñåôå ùì ãáø äéå øçå÷éí îîä ùãøùå äöøôúéí. äâøîðéí ìà øöå åâí ìà äéå îñåâìéí ìäòîéã ëæä ñëåí ùì ëñó. úîéëú áòìåú äáøéú äàçøéí åáøàà ¹Ã¯ áøéèðéä ðéúðä ìâøîðéí. àó îòöîä ìîòè öøôú ìà äééúä îòåðéðú áäúîåèèåúä ùì âøîðéä. áîäìê äîçöéú äøàùåðä ùì ùðåú äòùøéí äúçìôå ùáòä ùøé àåöø öøôúééí áðéñéåï ìééöá àú äëìëìä åäîèáò. øâéòä (åìå ø÷ ìùìåù ùðéí) äâéòä àí áçéøúå ùì ôåàð÷àøà (poincare) . äîùáø äëìëìé ðîùê ìàåøê ùðåú äùìåùéí åäáéà òîå îùáà¸ÃƒÂ©ÃƒÂ­ ÷åàìéöéåðéÃÂ! ­ ùìà àôùøå ðéäåì îãéðéåú áøåøä áùìèåï äöøôúé . ôåìéèé÷ä: áðéâåã ìîòøëú äôåìéèéú äáøéèéú ùäåøëáä îîñôø îöåîöí ùì îôìâåú âãåìåú, äîòøëú äôåìéèéú áöøôú äééúä øöåôä áîôìâåú ÷èðåú å÷áåöåú àéðèøñ ùåðåú. àó îôìâä ìà éëìä ì÷ååú ìøëåù îñôé÷ ÷åìåú áëãé ì÷áì øåá áôøìîðè äöøôúé. øéáåé äîôìâåú áöøôà ƒÂº åðéâåãé äàéðèøñéí áéðäï âøí ìçåñø éöéáåú ùì äîîùìåú äðáçøåú. ùøéí äçæé÷å áúô÷éãí ø÷ îñôø çåãùéí îåòè çéìåôé îîùì ðòùå ãáø ùáùâøä. äôøìîðè äöøôúé éëåì äéä ìäéåú îôåæø ø÷ áàéùåøå ùì äñðè (ùìà ðéúï ìàåøê ëì äú÷åôä) øàù